Macau Casino Staff Face High Levels of Depression and Anxiety, Study Finds

A new study has uncovered high rates of anxiety and depression among gaming industry employees in Macau, the world's largest casino centre. The research found that a third of workers experience severe anxiety, while a significant minority suffer from depression, with overall burnout levels described as moderate to high.

The findings were published in July in a paper titled 'Stress coping strategies as predictors of job fatigue and psychological health among casino employees in Macao SAR (China)'. Authored by Su Tan, Jacky Ho, and FP Botelho from the University of Saint Joseph (USJ), along with Mohammad Anisur Rahaman, the study gathered data from 563 valid electronic surveys distributed to staff across Macau’s six major integrated resort operators.

Coping Strategies

According to the analysis, 33.9 per cent of respondents exhibited severe to extremely severe anxiety, and 16 per cent reported severe to extremely severe depression. The study noted that prolonged exposure to the high-stress casino environment can lead to a range of negative health outcomes, including cardiovascular issues and reduced psychological resilience, reinforcing findings from previous studies that identified casino work as psychologically demanding.

The research explored the coping mechanisms used by staff to manage stress. Interpersonal venting with peers was identified as a primary and protective strategy that helps to reduce burnout and improve emotional health. However, the study also highlighted the use of maladaptive strategies, which intensify distress. Recreational gambling was specifically named as a coping tool that ultimately worsens emotional instability.

Demographic Differences

Different approaches to stress management were observed across various employee demographics. Staff with lower educational attainment showed a greater tendency to rely on peer venting and online gambling. In contrast, those with higher educational qualifications were more likely to seek professional assistance.

Income level also appeared to influence behaviour. Employees earning between MOP25,000 and MOP30,000 per month were the group that most frequently used venting as a stress-relief tactic. The study underscores the complex mental health landscape for the tens of thousands of people employed in Macau's dominant gaming sector.